The ECB and the Fed

By: Charles Wyplosz, Graduate Institute of International Studies

Facing different situations, the Fed and the ECB muddle through, each in its own way.

Fannie and Freddie on the rope

By: Wolfgang Münchau

When house price are expected to decline by 30%, some strange things are happening

Is the euro challenging the dollar's role as a global currency?

When the Euro was launched in 1999, there was much speculation among academics and policy makers about whether the euro could challenge, over even overtake, the dollar as an international currency. Toward the end 2006, the euro has indeed become a big international currency, but has so far failed to challenge the dollar’s predominance in the main categories that define it as the world’s premier currency.

Why the European Debate on Competitiveness is going nowhere

Raising competitiveness has been the prime goal of economic policy in Europe. But is it a sensible goal? Those who favour a competitiveness-based approach often make false analogies between enterprises and countries. Countries do not compete in the way companies do. Trade among countries is not about profit but about the division of labour. It can benefit all by raising productivity. A more meaningful concept of competitiveness at the national level defines a competitive country as one that can maintain high rates of growth and employment in the medium term. This concept focuses on the country’s ability to provide its citizens with high and rising standards of living in the medium and long run.

Globalisation - a primer about the European Debate

Globalisation is the probably the single biggest issue that hit the European Union in this decade. A present but ill-defined fear of globalisation was one of the main reported reasons why the French electorate rejected the European constitutional treaty in 2005. There is a sense in Europe that globalisation is a force that will end up impoverish the continent, that it will destroy its values, and its way of life. It is unlikely that European integration will continue further unless and until the Europeans come to terms with globalisation, and devise a strategy.

The MiFID Directive - This is Briefingnote is presented by EurActiv

The MiFID, a cornerstone of the Financial Services Action Plan, was proposed in November 2002 to update the existing Investment Services Directive (ISD) of 1993. It was designed to cope with, and to further enable, the increased level of cross-border investment transactions, which had shown an annual increase of 20-25% in the years from 1996.

The Stability and Growth Pact

The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) forms part of the rules and procedures for fiscal policy of the member states of the euro area. The SGP has been subject to criticism long before it was officially agreed at the EU summit in Dublin in 1997 and ever since. The debate about the SGP reflects some of the deep ideological divisions that have accompanied the creation of economic and monetary union. The opponents of the SGP have criticised inter alia that it is pro-cyclical and anti-growth.